Source: U.S. Government Accountability Office, GAO-18-37 — analysis of SSA ALJ adult disability decisions, FY 2007–2015. Claimants with a representative were allowed benefits at a rate nearly three times higher than those without. Individual case outcomes vary based on medical evidence, the specific judge, and quality of representation.
ALJs ranked by approval rate on record. Judges with too few decisions to score are listed last.
Data sourced from the U.S. Social Security Administration (SSA) Office of Hearings Operations disposition records. Approval rate (SSA's term is allowance rate) covers every decision in SSA's published disposition record for the judge, across all offices — SSA's published record, not a judge's entire time on the bench. Performance score is calculated by ClaimsBoost — it is the judge's percentile rank on that approval rate among all ranked judges, and nothing else. It does not weigh caseload or consistency.
Administrative Law Judges (ALJs) at the Social Security Administration's Office of Hearings Operations are the federal officials who decide disability appeals. When your initial SSDI or SSI claim is denied, your appeal is assigned to an ALJ at the hearing office serving your area. That judge independently reviews your medical evidence, holds a hearing where you and your representative can present testimony, questions a vocational expert about jobs you could still perform, and issues a written decision on whether you qualify for benefits.
Each ALJ has their own style, pace, and tendencies. Some weigh objective medical evidence heavily; others give significant weight to claimant testimony about daily activities. Across thousands of decisions, these differences show up as measurable variation in approval rates — some judges approve 80%+ of cases while others approve under 30%. SSA assigns your judge — you cannot request a specific one.
The judge assigned to your case is one of the strongest predictors of the outcome. The same case evidence can produce a favorable decision from one ALJ and a denial from another at the same office. Knowing an individual judge's historical approval rate — and, where SSA reports it, their fully favorable rate — shows how that judge's record compares with their office, their state, and the nation. It does not predict your case: the strength of your medical evidence still decides it.
If you have a hearing scheduled, a free benefits review takes two minutes and can help you understand your options — especially whether representation is worth the contingency fee (capped by SSA at 25% of back pay or $9,200, whichever is less).
Dealing with disability or injury? Get your free benefits review.